Israel, which lived under the fading reign of Judaism at that time held some very tribal ideas. Which in turn were derived from the tribal religions which surrounded it. Judaism amongst them.

It is not hard to see how a tribe would care little about “Gay Rights” or “Womens Rights” or “Allowing free religion”. Tribes struggle to survive, there is little room for much anything else. And in a tribe, religion can be quite a good motivator for survival and contributing to the human population.

But in a modern society, or that such as Athens. It was far more worldly, broad in nature and with newer, more novel ideas than that of Judaism. It already survives, and has time to include the common man in its rulings, and time to think about providing freedom of expression, religion, sexuality, and other things.

The two are quite different. And I am SURE a tribal society, if we reverted back to one. We’d forget most, if not all of our current ideals within a few centuries.

Tribes are one of the MOST efficient small-scale survival groups/strategies. This is why THEY, and their RELIGIONS survive. Even to this day where modern society is STILL highly subdivided, and in those subdivisions religion fills the void.